Category Archives: Year 2013 Issue 4

REACH Regulation in the context of ethanol registration and other relevant products in fermentation processes of spirituous industry

Andrzej KRZEŚLAK ? Industrial Chemistry Research Institute, Warszawa, REACH & CLP Centre, Wojciech KUJAWSKI ? Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń Please cite as: CHEMIK 2013, 67, 4, 341-356 Introduction Ethyl alcohol (ethanol), CAS No1: 64-17-5, EC No2: 200-578-6, is a chemical substance applied first of all in the food industry for the vodka and liquors manufacturing in the spirituous branch, and also as an additive for making some selected sweetmeats, cakes, layer cakes and food fragrances. This...
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Evaluating the effectiveness of atropisomeric chiral phosphine ligands in asymmetric processes catalyzed by transition metal complexes. Part II: An assessment of electron effects*

Oleg M. DEMCHUK, Elżbieta ŁASTAWIECKA, K. Michał PIETRUSIEWICZ ? Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland * Part I was published in CHEMIK 2012, 66, 7, 758 Abstract: The asymmetric synthesis using the chiral transition metal complexes as catalysts is one of the most cost-effective, eco-friendly and readily used organic transformations used in the pharmaceutical industry. However, because of the lack of general theory linking the structure of catalysts with the synthesis stereoselectivity, the selection of an appropriate catalyst...
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Recovery of precious metals on ion-exchange polymers

Piotr CYGANOWSKI, Dorota JERMAKOWICZ-BARTKOWIAK, Paweł WILKOWSKI ? Department of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Wrocław University of Technology, Wrocław, Poland Abstract: As part of this research, A, B and C ion exchangers were obtained and their capacity for sorbing chloro complexes of precious metals PtCl6 -2 Pt(IV), PdCl4 -2 Pd(II), AuCl4 - Au(III) were discussed. Anion exchangers marked as A, B and C were obtained by modifying suspension copolymer of vinylbenzene chloride and divinylbenzene VBC/DVB (2% by weight) with the following pyridine derivatives: 4-aminopyridine (A ion exchanger); 2-(aminoethyl)pyridine) (B...
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Tribological tests in the system of steel-composite made of phenol formaldehyde resin and the analysis of the effect of plastic grease in resin on the state of surface layer

Janusz JANECKI, Jolanta DRABIK, Marek WOLSZCZAK, Zbigniew PAWELEC ? Institute for Sustainable Technologies, National Research Institute, Radom, Poland Abstract: The functional properties of the composite made on phenol formaldehyde base modified with iron powder and plastic grease were determined on the basis of tribological tests. These tests were conducted under the conditions representing the operation of the real sliding friction node under the constant pressure of the co-operating surfaces at the variable sliding velocity and without external lubricating. The composite composition was modified by...
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Influence of conditions of chromatographic analysis and cross-linking process on Flory-Huggins parameters and solubility parameters of selected epoxy resins

Grażyna KAMIŃSKA-BACH, Ewa LANGER ? Institute for Engineering of Polymer Materials&Dyes Paint&Plastics Department in Gliwice, Poland Abstract: Knowledge of the interactions between the polymer and solvents used as test substances provides important information about their miscibility and the thermodynamic properties of solutions. Inverse gas chromatography is a valuable tool for the study of thermodynamic properties of polymers, pigments and fillers. In this study thermodynamic properties of epoxy resins were studied. The purpose was to examine the impact of cross-linking of epoxy resins, epoxy number of...
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Prospects of using melamine solutions in reactive solvents in polymer technology

Dorota GŁOWACZ-CZERWONKA ? Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszów University of Technology, Rzeszów Abstract: This paper presents methods for obtaining reactive solvents for melamine. The mechanisms for solubilising melamine in these solvents and the opportunities for applying such solutions to produce solid, filled and foamed (expanded) melamine-formaldehyde-ketone plastics were discussed as well. Please cite as: CHEMIK 2013, 67, 4, 289-300 Obtaining reactive solvents for melamine Melamine is a non-toxic and a non-flammable raw material applied in the chemical industry. It is a compound with six functional...
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Oligoetherols and polyurethane foams with azacyclic and boron

Jacek LUBCZAK, Beata ŁUKASIEWICZ ? Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszów University of Technology, Rzeszów, Poland Abstract: The method of synthesis of oligoetherols with azacyclic rings and boron was described. The 2-hydroxyalkyl derivatives of melamine, isocyanuric acid and uric acid were esterified with boric acid and then hydroxyalkylated with alkylene carbonates. Further the oligoetherols were foamed to obtain polyurethane foams. The foams showed enhanced thermal resistance and low flammability. Please cite as: CHEMIK 2013, 67, 4, 275-288 Introduction Polyurethanes are widely used polymers...
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Survey of graphite oxidation methods using oxidizing mixtures in inorganic acids

Mateusz CISZEWSKI, Andrzej MIANOWSKI ? Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Technology and Fuels, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland Abstract: Three most popular methods of chemical oxidation of graphite proposed by Brodie, Staudenmaier and Hummers has been compared here. Synthetic graphite has been oxidized using strong chemical oxidizing agents in highly-concentrated inorganic acids. Reaction time varied from several to several hundred hours depending on the applied method. Products were characterized with respect to the oxygen content, C/O ratio, full qualitative and quantitative...
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