Category Archive for "Year 2013 Issue 5"

Biogas from waste ? (bio)fuel for transport ? barriers and perspectives

Radosław POMYKAŁA, Paulina ŁYKO ? AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Mining and Geoengineering, Department of Environmental Engineering and Mineral Processing, Krakow, Poland Please cite as: CHEMIK 2013, 67, 5, 454?461 Introduction Renewable energy sources as a way to supplement and even to replace conventional fuels, is a hot topic since many years. Virtually any type of fossil fuel can suggest several alternatives to the alternatives. For virtually any type of fossil fuel, several ?green? substitutes can...

The energy potential of biogas ? an estimation of biogas production resources in Poland

Alina REJMAN-BURZYŃSKA, Halina MAKSYMIAK-LACH, Eugeniusz JĘDRYSIK ?Central Mining Institute in Katowice Please cite as: CHEMIK 2013, 67, 5, 446?453 Introduction Biogas is produced in the process of organic substance decomposition via methane fermentation and contains 50?75% of methane (CH₄) and 25?50% of carbon dioxide (CO₂) as well as small amounts of ammonia, hydrogen sulphide, hydrogen, mercaptans and other gases. Only biogas containing at least 40% of methane can be used to produce thermal or electric energy. The main resources...

Energy recovery from waste plastics

Ryszard WASILEWSKI ? Institute for Chemical Processing of Coal (IChPW), Zabrze, Poland; Tomasz SIUDYGA ? Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland Please cite as: CHEMIK 2013, 67, 5, 435?445 Introduction Widespread application of plastic is accompanied by negative effect of wastes production constituting a serious environmental problem. An important role in this area is played by the introduction, in recent years, in the countries of the European Union stronger restrictions on the disposal of organic waste and the requirement to achieve high levels of...

Waste plastics as a source of solid and liquid fuels

Andrzej MIANOWSKI ? Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Technology and Fuels, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland Please cite as: CHEMIK 2013, 67, 5, 423?434 Introduction One can put forward a claim that the degree of civilization development depends on two factors: the way of obtaining energy and the way of energy consumption. Together with the sustained development strategy, which aims at slowing down the process of using up natural and energy resources and the irreversible...

Fluidised bed gasification of coal with CO2 for the production of synthesis gas

Tomasz CHMIELNIAK, Józef POPOWICZ ? Institute for Chemical Processing of Coal (IChPW), Zabrze, Poland Please cite as: CHEMIK 2013, 67, 5, 415?422 Introduction The reasons for the development of fuel gasification technologies in power engineering and chemical industry that has been observed in recent years are high efficiency of the gasification process, the possibility of a multi-purpose use of process gas in both energy production and chemical synthesis, as well as relatively small negative impact of those technologies...

Capture of CO2 from exhaust gases on pilot scale using amine absorption

Adam TATARCZUK, Marek ŚCIĄŻKO, Marcin STEC ? Institute for Chemical Processing of Coal, Zabrze, Poland; Stanisław TOKARSKI ? TAURON Wytwarzanie S.A. Please cite as: CHEMIK 2013, 67, 5, 407?414 Introduction According to Article 10 sec. 1 of the amended Directive EU ETS 2009/29/EC, in the third settlement period (2013÷2020) of the greenhouse gas emission allowance trading scheme, auctioning shall be the basic method of allocating emission allowances [1]. An exception to this rule are the energy-intensive industries (exposed...

Impact of the composition of absorption blend on the efficiency of CO2 removal

Andrzej WILK, Lucyna WIĘCŁAW-SOLNY, Aleksander KRÓTKI, Dariusz ŚPIEWAK ? Centre for Process Research, Institute for Chemical Processing of Coal (IChPW), Zabrze, Poland Please cite as: CHEMIK 2013, 67, 5, 399?406 Introduction The amine absorption processes are widely used in the industry to purify refinery gases, process gases or natural gas. Recently, amine absorption has also been considered for application in CO₂ capture from exhaust fumes created as by-product of electric power generation from fossil fuels. Amine absorption is...

CO2 emission ? civilisation?s progress or investment development inhibiting factor

Aleksander SOBOLEWSKI, Andrzej CZAPLICKI ? Institute for Chemical Processing of Coal (IChPW), Zabrze, Poland Please cite as: CHEMIK 2013, 67, 5, 387?398 Introduction Access to energy sources is the very basic prerequisite of civilisational and economic development, and long-term forecasts imply that the mankind will demand 2.5-3 times more energy in the year 2050 than in 2010. In the 20th century, this demand was mainly satisfied by means of fossil fuels. It is them that one definitely owes...

Solid Fuels as CxHyOz Molecules ? Thermodynamic and Kinetic Aspects

Marek ŚCIĄŻKO ? Institute for Chemical Processing of Coal, Zabrze - Leszek STĘPIEŃ ? AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland Please cite as: CHEMIK 2013, 67, 5, 379?386 Introduction Solid fuels, including primarily hard coal and lignite originated as a result of physicochemical conversion of primary organic substance under the influence of temperature, pressure and in a basically anaerobic environment. This process, referred to as a metamorphism phase, was accompanied by, inter alia: evolution of carbon...

Category Archives: Year 2013 Issue 5